Comparative Analysis on Aromatic Components of Sun-dried Green Tea from Different Townships in Menghai County
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摘要: 结合感官审评、电子鼻及气相色谱-质谱（gas chromatography-mass spectrometry，GC-MS）技术对勐海县不同乡镇晒青茶香气的主要组分和差异进行分析。感官审评表明各乡镇晒青茶在主要香气类型上表现出差异，布朗山为果香，西定为清香，勐阿和勐遮为木香，勐满、格朗和与勐宋为花香。电子鼻结果表明各乡镇晒青茶香气差别明显，W1S、W1W、W2S和W2W传感器起主要区分作用，PCA分析中布朗山、勐阿明显区别于其他乡镇。GC-MS在7个乡镇晒青茶中共检测出77种挥发性物质，以烯类、烷类和醇类为主，芳樟醇、d-柠檬烯、柏木脑、双戊烯、α-柏木烯相对含量较高。聚类热图结果表明格朗和、布朗山、勐宋、勐满和西定的挥发性物质总体相似度较高，勐阿、勐遮与其他乡镇差别最大。38种具有香气描述的挥发物分为果香、花香、木香（清香）3大类型，各香气类型挥发物总相对含量在不同乡镇中差异较大，果香、花香、木香（清香）类型挥发物的总相对含量最高分别为布朗山、勐满和勐遮。除勐宋外的各乡镇晒青茶中均能找到2~3种特有香气物质，其中布朗山特有藏红花醛和1-甲基萘，勐满特有苯甲醛和1, 2, 4-三甲基苯，勐阿特有4-异丙基甲苯和左旋-alpha-蒎烯；格朗和特有4-蒈烯、二氢香芹醇和2-蒎烯，勐遮特有alpha-松油醇、樟脑和雪松烯，西定特有α-罗勒烯。综合分析可得，勐海不同乡镇晒青茶香气在感官审评和挥发物香气类型、种类及相对含量上均存在较大差异，表现出各具特色的香气品质特征。
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关键词:
- 晒青茶 /
- 感官审评 /
- 电子鼻 /
- 气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS) /
- 挥发性物质
Abstract: In this paper, sensory evaluation, electronic nose and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to analyze the main aromatic components and differences of sun-dried green tea in different townships of Menghai County. Sensory evaluation showed that the main aroma types of sun-dried green tea in townships were different, with fruit aroma in the Bulang Mountain, green aroma in Xiding, woody aroma in Meng'a and Mengzhe, floral aroma in Mengman, Gelang and Mengsong. The results of electronic nose showed that the aroma of sun-dried green tea in different townships was significantly different, and W1S, W1W, W2S and W2W sensors played a major role in distinguishing. In PCA analysis, the Bulang Mountain and Meng'a Mingxian were different from other townships. A total of 77 volatile substances were detected in sun-dried green tea from 7 townships by GC-MS, mainly including olefins, alkanes and alcohols, the most abundant being linalool, d-limonene, cedrol, limonene, α-cedrene. The result of Clustering thermogram showed that the general similarity of volatile substances in Gelanghe, the Bulang Mountain, Mengsong, Mengman and Xiding was the highest, and the difference between Meng'a, Mengzhe and other towns was the largest. There were 38 components with aroma description could be divided into three types: fruit aroma, flower aroma and woody aroma(green). The total relative content of volatile matter of each aroma type varied greatly in different townships. The highest total relative content of volatile matter of fruit aroma, flower aroma and woody aroma (green) types were the Bulang Mountain, Mengman and Mengzhe respectively. 2~3 kinds of special aromatic components could be found in the sun-dried green tea in other townships except Mengsong. Among them, the Bulang Mountain had safranal and naphthalene, Mengman had benzaldehyded and 1, 2, 4-trimethylbenzene, Meng'a had p-cymene and (-)-α-pinene, Gelanghe had 4-carene, cyclohexanol and α-pinene, Mengzhe had (S)-(-)-α-terpineol, (R)-camphor, and cedrene, Xiding had α-ocimene. The comprehensive analysis showed that there were great differences in sensory evaluation and volatile aroma types, types and relative content of the aroma of sun-dried green tea in different townships of Menghai, showed distinctive aroma quality characteristics.-
Key words:
- sun-dried green tea /
- sensory evalaution /
- electronic nose /
- GC-MS /
- volatile components
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图 1 不同乡镇晒青茶香气PCA分析
Figure 1. PCA analysis of aroma in sun-dried green tea from different townships
图 2 不同乡镇晒青茶香气LDA分析
Figure 2. LDA analysis of aroma in sun-dried green tea from different townships
图 3 不同乡镇晒青茶香气Loadings分析图
Figure 3. Loadings analysis of aroma in sun-dried green tea from different townships
表 1 电子鼻传感器性能及对应香气类型
Table 1. Sensor performance and corresponding aroma types of PEN3
阵列序号 传感器名称 敏感成分 R1 W1C 芳香化合物 R2 W5S 氮氧化合物 R3 W3C 氨类和芳香化合物 R4 W6S 氢气 R5 W5C 烷烃芳香化合物 R6 W1S 甲烷 R7 W1W 硫化物 R8 W2S 乙醇 R9 W2W 芳香成分和有机硫化合物 R10 W3S 烷烃 
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表 2 晒青茶香气品质感官审评结果
Table 2. Results of sensory evaluation of aroma quality of sun-dried green tea
样品名称 香气 评语 评分 布朗山 果香略带花香，纯正，较高，持久 96.67 西定 清香带蜜香，纯正，高扬，持久 95.33 勐阿 木香带果香，浓郁高扬，较持久 95.00 勐满 花香略带木香，较高，持久 93.67 勐遮 木香、清香，尚纯，较高，较持久 92.00 格朗和 花香、清香，尚纯，较高，尚持久 91.33 勐宋 花香带果香，较纯正（略带青草味），较高，持久 89.33
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表 3 不同乡镇晒青茶呈香物质
Table 3. Volatile substances in sun-dried green tea from different townships
编号 香气
类型挥发性成分 阈值[18-26] （μg·L−1） 香气描述[21, 23-24, 27-33] 峰面积比（%） 布朗山 勐满 勐阿 格朗和 勐宋 勐遮 西定 1 果
香
类
型d-柠檬烯 10.00 柠檬香气和果香 14.59 7.64 10.79 8.46 8.60 14.44 8.13 2 松油烯 85.00 柑橘和柠檬香气 1.49 0.74 0.87 — 0.67 1.26 0.63 3 beta-环柠檬醛 3.00 杏仁、芒果等果香 1.94 1.58 2.32 1.43 1.02 — 2.12 4 2,6,6-三甲基-1-环己烯基乙醛 — 果香、红浆果样和花香香气 — 0.10 0.24 — — — — 5 α-罗勒烯 — 类似芒果香 — — — — — — 0.86 6 苯甲醛 — 特殊的杏仁气味 — 0.24 — — — — — 合计 18.02 10.30 14.22 9.89 10.29 15.70 11.74 7 花
香
类
型alpha-紫罗酮 0.40 紫罗兰花香 1.05 — 0.98 0.92 0.49 0.30 0.31 8 beta-紫罗酮 0.20 玫瑰花香 2.13 1.80 2.45 2.01 1.31 — — 9 芳樟醇 6.00 紫丁香、铃兰与玫瑰花香 — 49.95 — 40.34 26.44 7.07 29.89 10 （EZ）-β-紫罗兰酮 — 紫罗兰的气味 — — — — 1.45 0.93 2.10 11 二氢香芹醇 — 留兰香 — — — 0.15 — — — 12 alpha-松油醇 — 稳定的紫丁香气 — — — — — 1.40 — 合计 3.18 51.75 3.43 43.42 29.69 9.70 32.30 13 木
香
、
清
香
类
型双戊烯 — 松木香 4.60 1.43 3.06 2.71 3.48 4.31 2.99 14 γ-松油烯 2.14 柑橘、木香和樟脑香味 2.49 1.33 2.13 1.34 1.23 2.24 1.53 15 α-柏木烯 — 柏木、檀香的香气 1.32 2.44 1.30 1.10 1.40 2.95 3.62 16 莰烯 — 类似松香、木香 0.31 0.17 0.25 0.20 0.19 0.38 0.22 17 萘 50.00 木香和樟香 1.53 1.16 1.63 1.39 1.22 1.97 1.43 18 茶螺烷 — 松木、薄荷脑的香气 1.44 1.03 2.84 1.63 — 1.06 1.72 19 长叶烯 140.00 类似松木烟香 0.67 — 0.54 0.43 0.74 0.17 0.20 20 （+）-α-蒎烯 — 有松节油的气味 0.19 0.14 — — 0.14 0.20 0.15 21 柏木脑 0.50 木香、膏香 — 5.07 4.08 — 2.25 10.84 5.78 22 罗勒烯 34.00 气味宜人 — — 1.74 0.88 1.04 1.81 — 23 （+）-β-雪松烯 — 雪松香气息、木香 1.12 1.29 — — — 1.80 2.00 24 柏木烯醇 — 甘甜木香和膏香香气 2.55 — — 2.25 — — — 25 顺式芳樟醇氧化物（呋喃） 60.00 桉叶油素、樟脑等弱木香型香气 — — — — 0.50 0.30 0.35 26 β-榄香烯 — 有辛辣的茴香气息 — 0.41 — — — 0.45 0.53 27 3-蒈烯 — 松木样香气 — — 5.40 0.62 — — — 28 萜品油烯 — 松木树脂似的气息 0.66 0.46 — — — — — 29 L-薄荷醇 — 薄荷香味 — 0.55 — — — 0.45 — 30 樟脑 — 强烈的清香味 — — — — — 0.13 — 31 4-蒈烯 — 松木香气 — — — 0.62 — — — 32 雪松烯 — 雪松香气息、木香 — — — — — 0.17 — 33 藏红花醛 3.00 木香、辛香、药香 1.46 — — — — — — 34 4-异丙基甲苯 14.40 特有的气味 — — 1.11 — — — — 35 1, 2, 4-三甲基苯 — 具有强烈气味 — 0.11 — — — — — 36 1-甲基萘 7.50 木香和樟香的香气 0.36 — — — — — — 37 2-蒎烯 — 有松节油的气味 — — — 0.13 — — — 38 左旋-alpha-蒎烯 — 松节油树脂香气 — — 0.14 — — — — 合计 18.70 15.59 24.22 13.30 12.19 29.23 20.52 注：“—”表示该化合物未查询到阈值或在该样品中未检出。
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