磁场调控丝状真菌生长发育及代谢产物合成的研究进展

麦婷婷; 高梦祥; 李利; 张佳兰; 王劲松

doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022090173

磁场调控丝状真菌生长发育及代谢产物合成的研究进展

doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022090173

1.
长江大学生命科学学院，湖北荆州 434025
2.
长江大学动物科学学院，湖北荆州 434025
3.
荆楚理工学院生物工程学院，湖北荆门 444800

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金重点项目（31730068）。

详细信息

作者简介:
麦婷婷（1996−），女，硕士研究生，研究方向：食品微生物，E-mail：2459664201@qq.com

通讯作者:
张佳兰（1971−），女，博士，副教授，研究方向：微生物代谢调控及生产应用，E-mail：zhangjialan@yangtzeu.edu.cn

中图分类号: Q939.97
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- PDF下载量: 5
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-09-16
- 网络出版日期: 2023-05-22
- 刊出日期: 2023-07-01

Research Progress on the Regulation of Magnetic Field on the Growth and Development of Filamentous Fungi and the Synthesis of Metabolites

1.
College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
2.
College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
3.
School of Biological Engineering, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen 444800, China

摘要

摘要: 磁场作为一种普遍存在的环境因子，影响着微生物的生长及代谢。丝状真菌是一类重要的异养型真核生物，在食品工业和生物医药领域有广泛应用。目前，采用磁场处理丝状真菌已成为工业重要研究目标，而红曲霉、黑曲霉和黄曲霉是丝状真菌常用的典型菌种。本文分别介绍了磁场调控红曲霉、黑曲霉、黄曲霉等丝状真菌生长及代谢的研究进展，通过不同磁场类型、作用时间、磁场强度等多种磁场参数分析三种丝状真菌磁场磁效应，阐述了磁场对三种典型丝状真菌的生长发育及其代谢物影响规律和代谢关系。探讨了磁场多方面多层次调控丝状真菌代谢产物的研究思路，下一步将展开说明磁场对丝状真菌的菌丝体形态结构、酶结构变化以及转录组学的作用机制，为探明磁场调控丝状真菌代谢产物合成机制提供参考，同时为丝状真菌的综合利用和开发提供理论基础。
- 磁场 /
- 丝状真菌 /
- 生长发育 /
- 代谢产物 /
- 研究进展
Abstract: Magnetic field, as a ubiquitous environmental factor, affects the growth and metabolism of microorganisms. Filamentous fungi are important heterotrophic eukaryotes, which are widely used in food industry and biomedical field. At present, magnetic field treatment of filamentous fungi has become an important research target in industry, and Monascus, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus are typical strains commonly used by filamentous fungi. This paper introduces the research progress of magnetic field regulating the growth and metabolism of Monascus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and other filamentous fungi, analyzes the magnetic field effect of three kinds of filamentous fungi through different magnetic field types, action time, magnetic field intensity and other magnetic field parameters, and expounds the rule of influence of magnetic field on the growth and development of three typical filamentous fungi and their metabolites and metabolic relationship. The research idea of magnetic field regulating filamentous fungi metabolites in many aspects and at multiple levels is discussed. The next step will be to explain the mechanism of magnetic field on filamentous fungi mycelia morphology, enzyme structure changes and transcriptomics, which will provide a reference for exploring the mechanism of magnetic field regulating filamentous fungi metabolites synthesis, and provide a theoretical basis for the comprehensive utilization and development of filamentous fungi.
- magnetic field /
- filamentous fungi /
- growth and development /
- metabolites /
- research progress

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表 1 磁场对红曲霉生长发育及代谢产物合成的影响

Table 1. Effect of magnetic field on the growth and development of Monascus and the synthesis of its metabolites

红曲霉	磁场影响效应	参考文献
生长发育	最适磁场强度能促进红曲霉生长，但随磁场强度增大菌落直径有下降趋势。	韩红霞等^[10]
	不同磁场条件下作用有差异，在静磁场5 mT能抑制红曲霉生长。	Chen等^[11]
	在液态发酵条件下,低频交变磁场0.6 mT也能使红曲霉生物量增加。	邓光武等^[12]
	磁场对红曲霉生物量促进的同时也对代谢产物有促进作用。	万云雷等^[13]
	红曲霉在其他条件下生长和代谢受抑制，利用磁场能恢复被抑制部分。	Zhou等^[15]
代谢产物	磁场能刺激或抑制红曲霉次生代谢产物合成。	Zhang等^[20]
	磁场强度不同，对其代谢产物产量效果差异，磁场强度为1.6 mT刺激色素和莫纳可林K产量增加较显著，同时抑制桔霉素产量产生。	Xiong等^[23]
	红曲霉作用的磁场处理时间不同，其红曲霉代谢产物产量存在差异性。	Liao等^[21]
	磁场在转录水平抑制桔霉素生物合成蛋白显著降低，刺激色素和莫纳可林K基因水平上升，引起有益代谢产生，抑制有害代谢产量。	Zhang等^[30]

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表 2 磁场对黑曲霉生长发育及代谢产物合成的影响

Table 2. Effect of magnetic field on the growth and development of Aspergillus niger and the synthesis of its metabolites

黑曲霉	磁场影响效应	参考文献
生长发育	黑曲霉受磁场作用取决暴露磁场和强度不同及黑曲霉所处营养状态。	Money等^[33]
	磁场可诱导黑曲霉代谢特性变化，使表层菌丝生长和分生孢子发生。	Villalpanda等^[34]
	磁场能刺激培养基中蔗糖代谢促使黑曲霉菌体生长和孢子产生。	Voina等^[36]
	静磁场对黑曲霉生长和活性受到抑制，其菌落较小和分生孢子呈链状且分散。	Mateescu等^[39]
	新宝登录入口(中国)有限公司磁场导致黑曲霉孢子壁的破坏，引起对生长有抑制效果。	许喜林等^[41]
代谢产物	磁场引起黑曲霉细胞内外电流的变化，刺激分生孢子，导致其产酶含量变化。	Fiedurek^[43]
	磁场能促进黑曲霉酶活性，也随暴露时间增加而酶活性增加。	Gao等^[45]
	同时磁场也能抑制黑曲霉生长，导致产量降低，同时抑制酶活性。	Aboneima等^[40]
	磁场类型导致影响差异，振荡磁场抑制作用比静磁场更为强烈。	Abdelhameed等^[52]
	磁场从转录水平上能刺激黑曲霉菌体生长代谢有关的基因表达上调，从而导致酶活性的变化。	Potenza等^[47]

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表 3 磁场对黄曲霉生长发育及代谢产物合成的影响

Table 3. Effect of magnetic field on the growth and development of Aspergillus flavus and the synthesis of its metabolites

黄曲霉	磁场影响效应	参考文献
生长发育	磁场可以改变黄曲霉细胞膜上的结合钙离子，使细胞膜稳定性改变，造成其生长起差异性。	Kadhum^[58]
	磁场能抑制黄曲霉生长，随磁场强度增加和暴露时间延长而抑制更显著。	Akinyele等^[56]
	南北极磁场对黄曲霉的生长有磁作用，南极磁场诱导黄曲霉的生长加速，反之，北极磁场抑制黄曲霉生长。	Ahmad等^[57]
代谢产物	磁场对黄曲霉生长和活力有抑制作用，导致黄曲霉毒素代谢发生改变。	Kadhum^[58]
	磁场对于不同培养基上的黄曲霉毒素，其作用效果不同。	Rajab等^[59]
	磁场频率不同，黄曲霉毒素抑制作用具有显著差异。	Eisa等^[60]
	南北极磁场影响黄曲霉毒素，南极磁场诱导钙信号转导时刺激黄曲霉毒素增加，北极磁场改变黄曲霉细胞膜金属离子变化，使毒素减少甚至失活。	Ahmad等^[57]
	利用磁场对食品进行杀菌，消除黄曲霉毒素B1\B2和G1\G2形成。	Nuroğlu等^[62]

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