生鲜肉中奇异变形杆菌的流行及其耐药性分析

蓝承露; 胡怡林; 王曼; 李楚怡; 毕水莲

doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022100028

生鲜肉中奇异变形杆菌的流行及其耐药性分析

doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022100028

蓝承露^{1, 2,},
胡怡林¹,
王曼¹,
李楚怡¹,
毕水莲^1, ,

1.
广东药科大学食品科学学院，广东中山 528405
2.
广东药科大学公共卫生学院，广东广州 510315

基金项目: 广东省科技计划项目（2016A020210132）。

详细信息

作者简介:
蓝承露（1996−），女，硕士，研究方向：营养与食品卫生学，E-mail：1037973460@qq.com

通讯作者:
毕水莲（1982−），女，博士，副教授，研究方向：食品安全，E-mail：shuilianbi@foxmail.com

中图分类号: TS201.6
计量
- 文章访问数: 25
- HTML全文浏览量: 17
- PDF下载量: 1
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-10-08
- 网络出版日期: 2023-05-22
- 刊出日期: 2023-07-01

Prevalence and Antibiotics Resistance of Proteus mirabilis in Raw Meat

Chenglu LAN^{1, 2
,},
Yilin HU¹,
Man WANG¹,
Chuyi LI¹,
Shuilian BI^{1
, ,}

1.
School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528405, China
2.
School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510315, China

摘要

摘要: 为了解奇异变形杆菌（Proteus mirabilis，P. mirabilis）在生鲜畜禽肉中的污染情况和耐药性水平，研究分别采了集5个市场的猪肉、鸡肉和鸭肉样品，对样品中的P. mirabilis进行分离鉴定。采用纸片扩散法对分离的P. mirabilis菌株进行21种抗生素的药敏实验。结果表明：579份鲜肉样品中共检出490株P. mirabilis，3种肉中猪肉、鸡肉与鸭肉P. mirabilis的污染率分别为65.61%、78.95%和67.90%。其中，市场5的鸡肉污染率最高，为82.00%。所有市场P. mirabilis分离株对红霉素的耐药率最高，各市场均高于97.85%，其次依次是甲氧苄氨嘧啶、强力霉素、壮观霉素、四环素、链霉素、复方新诺明和庆大霉素，均为50.00%以上。490株P. mirabilis多重耐药现象严重，多重耐药率为100.00%。对所有8类抗生素均具有泛耐药性的P. mirabilis菌株占14.90%。本研究中5个市场的鲜肉受P. mirabilis污染严重且污染的P. mirabilis菌株具有普遍的多重耐药现象，应对该区P. mirabilis的污染情况及耐药性进行持续监测，以期为食物中毒的防控和临床用药的选择提供更多参考。
- 奇异变形杆菌 /
- 鲜肉 /
- 市场 /
- 分离鉴定 /
- 耐药
Abstract: To understand the contamination and antibiotic resistance of Proteus mirabilis in raw meat, a total of 579 samples of pork, chicken, and duck meats were collected from 5 markets, and P. mirabilis in the samples was isolated and identified. The susceptibility to 21 antibiotics of the P. mirabilis isolated in this study was tested by the disk diffusion method. A total of 490 P. mirabilis in those 579 samples were isolated and identified. The contamination rates of P. mirabilis in pork, chicken, and duck meats were 65.61%, 78.95%, and 67.90%, respectively. Market 5 had the highest contamination rate (82.00%) among the chicken samples. The antibiotic resistance rates of all P. mirabilis isolates to erythromycin was the highest, which was higher than 97.85% in all markets, followed by trimethoprim (78.00%~93.68%), doxycycline (73.12%~79.82%), spectinomycin (65.26%~88.17%), tetracycline (64.52%~79.95%), streptomycin (60.55%~86.02%), trimethoprim-sulfameth (52.29%~87.10%), and gentamicin (51.61%~76.15%), all of which were more than 50.00%. The multiple-drug resistance of 490 strains of P. mirabilis was severe with a rate of 100.00%. P. mirabilis strains with pan drug-resistance to all 8 classes of antibiotics accounted for 14.90%. In conclusion, the fresh meats from 5 markets were seriously contaminated by P. mirabilis, and all the isolates had multiple-drug resistance. The contamination and antibiotic resistance of P. mirabilis in this area should be continuously monitored in order to provide more information for the prevention and control of food poisoning and the selection of clinical medication.
- Proteus mirabilis /
- fresh meat /
- markets /
- isolation and identification /
- antibiotic resistance

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图 1 5个市场鲜肉中P.mirabilis菌株对21种抗生素的耐药性

Figure 1. Drug resistance of P. mirabilis isolates to 21 antibiotics in fresh meat from 5 markets

注：a~e：市场1~5。

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表 1 市售鲜肉中P. mirabilis的污染水平

Table 1. Pollution level of P. mirabilis in commercial fresh meat

地点	肉类	样品数量（个）	阳性样品数量（个）	P. mirabilis 数量（株）	阳性样品率（%）
市场1	猪肉	31	20	26	64.52
	鸡肉	46	34	42	73.91
	鸭肉	31	21	25	67.74
市场2	猪肉	49	33	39	67.35
	鸡肉	44	35	42	79.55
	鸭肉	32	23	28	71.88
市场3	猪肉	45	27	31	60.00
	鸡肉	46	36	46	78.26
	鸭肉	30	19	23	63.33
市场4	猪肉	30	23	24	76.67
	鸡肉	42	34	40	80.95
	鸭肉	35	26	29	74.29
市场5	猪肉	34	21	26	61.76
	鸡肉	50	41	46	82.00
	鸭肉	34	21	23	61.76
合计		579	414	490	71.50
注：阳性样品率（%）=阳性样品数量（个）/样品数量（个）×100。

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表 2 市售鲜肉中P. mirabilis的药敏实验结果

Table 2. Results of antibiotic sensitivity tests of P. mirabilis in commercial fresh meat

抗生素种类	抗生素名称	抗生素英文缩写	猪肉		鸡肉		鸭肉
抗生素种类	抗生素名称	抗生素英文缩写	R（%）	S（%）	R（%）	S（%）	R（%）	S（%）
四环素类	四环素	TCN	55.48	22.60	74.54	13.89	73.44	14.84
四环素类	强力霉素	DOX	65.07	25.34	83.33	6.94	79.69	16.41
β-内酰胺类	青霉素	PEN	36.30	63.70	47.22	52.78	46.09	53.91
	阿莫西林	AMX	60.96	34.25	82.87	14.35	67.19	26.56
	氨苄西林	AMP	33.56	62.33	57.87	37.50	49.22	46.09
氯霉素类	氯霉素	CHL	69.18	26.03	76.85	11.57	75.00	14.84
氯霉素类	氟苯尼考	FFC	50.68	49.32	65.28	20.37	62.50	35.94
氨基糖苷类	链霉素	STR	64.38	32.19	89.81	8.80	73.44	23.44
	卡那霉素	KAN	43.84	49.32	57.41	26.39	55.47	28.91
	庆大霉素	GEN	55.48	34.25	69.44	25.00	64.84	25.00
	壮观霉素	SPT	73.97	16.44	81.48	9.72	65.63	17.19
	丁胺卡那	AMK	39.04	58.22	34.72	60.19	29.69	61.72
磺胺类	甲氧苄氨嘧啶	TMP	80.14	15.75	91.67	6.48	85.94	11.72
磺胺类	复方新诺明	SXT	59.59	37.67	85.19	14.35	78.91	21.09
喹诺酮类	萘啶酸	NAL	20.55	78.77	54.17	39.81	46.88	49.22
	恩诺沙星	ENR	15.75	79.45	43.98	43.98	39.84	55.47
	环丙沙星	CIP	19.86	73.29	47.70	43.10	42.19	48.44
大环内酯类	红霉素	ERY	100.00	0.00	99.07	0.00	96.88	0.78
头孢类	头孢曲松	CRO	10.27	86.30	25.46	72.22	21.88	73.44
	头孢西丁	FOX	8.90	89.04	8.33	89.81	9.38	85.94
	头孢吡肟	FEP	4.11	93.15	5.56	94.44	5.47	89.84
注：R（%）=药敏结果为“耐药”菌株数（个）/菌株数量（个）×100；S（%）=药敏结果为“敏感”菌株数（个）/菌株数量（个）×100。

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表 3 P. mirabilis分离株的多重耐药结果

Table 3. Multidrug-resistant results of P. mirabilis isolates

地点	P. mirabilis菌株MDR^*比例（%）					PDR^#（%）
地点	3类	4类	5类	6类	7类	8类
猪肉	4.11	11.64	28.08	35.62	16.44	4.11
鸡肉	0.46	4.63	10.65	25.46	37.04	21.76
鸭肉	0.00	10.94	21.09	21.09	32.03	14.84
平均	1.52	9.07	19.94	27.39	28.50	13.57
注: MDR^*：≥3个抗菌类，包括3~7个抗菌类；PDR^#：对所有测试的8个抗菌类别都具有耐药性。

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