人参不定根总皂苷的提取工艺优化及其抗氧化与抗疲劳作用

邢艺缤; 王馨悦; 王慕尧; 齐欣; 崔承弼

doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2023050180

人参不定根总皂苷的提取工艺优化及其抗氧化与抗疲劳作用

Process Optimization of Total Saponins from adventitious roots of Ginseng and Their Antioxidant and Anti-fatigue Effects

摘要

摘要: 目的：探究人参不定根总皂苷(ginseng adventitious roots total saponins，GARS)的最佳提取工艺及抗氧化和抗疲劳作用。方法：利用乙醇回流法提取GARS，通过正交试验考察乙醇浓度、料液比、提取温度、提取时间对GARS含量的影响；以1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)、2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS⁺)、3-氧代-2-苯基-4,4,5,5-四甲基咪唑啉-1-氧(PTIO)、羟自由基(OH)、超氧阴离子自由基(O₂⁻·)清除能力及还原力作为测定抗氧化活性指标；通过测定小鼠力竭游泳和爬杆时间，测定肌/肝糖原、乳酸(LD)、尿素氮(BUN)含量及乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性来判定GARS抗疲劳能力。结果：通过正交试验得到最佳提取工艺条件为乙醇浓度70%、料液比1:30 g/mL、提取温度70 ℃、提取时间40 min，得到GARS含量为107.85 mg/g；GARS对DPPH、ABTS⁺、PTIO、OH、O₂⁻·自由基都有一定程度清除作用，且具有还原性，其清除能力和还原性与浓度呈正比；GARS能够显著延长小鼠力竭游泳和爬杆时间(P<0.05)，显著增加肌/肝糖原含量(P<0.05)，降低LD、BUN含量，提高LDH活性，并与其浓度呈正比。结论：GARS提取的最优条件为乙醇浓度70%、料液比1:30 g/mL、提取温度70 ℃、提取时间40 min，可为GARS产业化生产提供依据，且GARS具有一定的抗氧化和抗疲劳作用，可为明确人参不定根营养成分和活性物质提供理论支持，为开发人参不定根药食同源的相关产品提供技术参考。

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the optimal extraction process and antioxidant and anti-fatigue activities of ginseng adventitious roots total saponins (GARS). Methods: GARS was extracted using ethanol reflux method, and the effects of different factors such as ethanol concentration, solvent-to-solid ratio, extraction temperature, and extraction time on the content of GARS were studied by orthogonal test. The antioxidant and anti-fatigue activities of GARS were determined by measuring the scavenging abilities of DPPH, ABTS⁺, PTIO, OH, and O₂⁻· free radicals, as well as the reducing power. The effects of GARS on the swimming and climbing times of mice, the contents of muscle/gallbladder glycogen, lactate (LD), and urea nitrogen (BUN) were determined to evaluate its anti-fatigue ability. Results: The optimal extraction conditions were ethanol concentration of 70%, solvent-to-solid ratio of 1:30 g/mL, extraction temperature of 70 ℃, and extraction time of 40 min, with a GARS content of 107.85 mg/g. GARS showed significant antioxidant and anti-fatigue activities, with its antioxidant and reducing power being positively correlated with its concentration. GARS significantly prolonged the swimming and climbing times of mice (P<0.05), increased the contents of muscle/gallbladder glycogen(P<0.05), decreased the levels of LD and BUN, and increased the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), indicating its anti-fatigue ability. Conclusion: The optimal extraction process of GARS was ethanol reflux method with ethanol concentration of 70%, solvent-to-solid ratio of 1:30 g/mL, extraction temperature of 70 ℃, and extraction time of 40 min. GARS showed significant antioxidant and anti-fatigue activities, which can support the development of ginseng adventitious roots as a food or health supplement ingredient.